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| | | World History timeline |
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| 1881 |
| | France invades Tunisia from Algeria, and in the Treaty of Bardo forces the bey of Tunis to accept the status of a French protectorate | |
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| 1881 |
| | In Washington Square Henry James tells the sad story of heiress Catherine Sloper | |
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| 1881 |
| | The Tynwald in the Isle of Man becomes the first parliament to give women the vote | |
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| 1881 |
| | Joel Chandler Harris publishes Uncle Remus: His Songs and His Sayings, the first of many Uncle Remus volumes | |
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| 1881 |
| | London's new Savoy Theatre is the first public building in the world to be lit throughout by electricity | |
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| 1881 |
| | The British withdraw from Afghanistan, having achieved nothing in the Second Anglo-Afghan War | |
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| 1881 |
| | P.T. Barnum and his main rival James Bailey merge their enterprises to form America's leading circus | |
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| 1881 |
| | US president James Garfield is shot by Charles J. Guiteau at a Washington railway station, and dies two months later | |
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| 1881 |
| | Stanley finds Brazza's French tricolor already flying on the north bank of the Congo, on the site of what later becomes Brazzaville | |
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| 1881 |
| | Henry James's novel The Portrait of a Lady studies an American girl, Isabel Archer, in the unfamiliar context of Europe | |
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| 1881 |
| | Booker T. Washington, freed at the end of the Civil War, heads a college in the south, in Tuskegee, Alabama, to educate former slaves | |
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| 1881 |
| | On the death of James Garfield, he is succeeded as US president by vice-president Chester A. Arthur | |
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| 1881 |
| | The Aesthetic Movement and 'art for art's sake', attitudes personified above all by Whistler and Wilde, are widely mocked and satirized in Britain | |
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| 1881 |
| | The Chicago architects Dankmar Adler and Louis Sullivan set up a partnership | |
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| 1882 |
| | Eadweard Muybridge projects slow-motion images of a trotting horse as a demonstration at London's Royal Institution | |
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| c. 1882 |
| | German bacteriologist Robert Koch announces his discovery of the bacillus that causes tuberculosis | |
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| 1882 |
| | Jesse James allows into his home a new gang member, working secretly for the police, who shoots him in the back | |
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| 1882 |
| | Congress passes a Chinese Exclusion Act, in the USA's first retreat from the policy of welcoming all immigrants | |
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| 1882 |
| | Stanley establishes a foothold for Leopold II on the southern bank of the Congo, at a site which he names Leopoldville (now Kinshasa) | |
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| 1882 |
| | Irish chief secretary Lord Frederick Cavendish and a colleague are assassinated in Phoenix Park in Dublin | |
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| 1882 |
| | The first settlements of European Jews, returning to the promised land, are established in Palestine | |
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| 1882 |
| | Italy, previously non-aligned, signs a Triple Alliance with Germany and Austria-Hungary | |
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| 1882 |
| | Anti-western riots in Alexandria result in many deaths and provoke a British invasion | |
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| 1882 |
| | Ulises Heureaux becomes dictator of the Dominican Republic and retains power until assassinated in 1899 | |
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| 1882 |
| | When Australia win the second Test match, in London, the Sporting Times declares that they will take home with them 'the ashes of English cricket' | |
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| c. 1882 |
| | Jumbo, the 'world's largest elephant', becomes the star attraction of Barnum and Bailey's touring circus | |
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| 1883 |
| | The British reinstate Cetshwayo as Zulu king, but over a much smaller territory | |
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| 1883 |
| | Harvard graduates J.A. Mitchell and E.S. Martin establish Life magazine as a new satirical weekly | |
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| 1883 |
| | The Supreme Court declares illegal the 1875 Civil Rights Act against segregation, thus enabling the southern states to pass racist laws | |
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| 1883 |
| | Joseph Pulitzer buys the New York World and builds circulation with sensational news and campaigns | |
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| 1883 |
| | Brooklyn Bridge, the longest suspension bridge in the world, is opened between Brooklyn and lower Manhattan | |
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| 1883 |
| | Lord Napier heads a Royal Commission to look into the condition of crofters after the Battle of the Braes in Skye | |
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| 1883 |
| | English polymath Francis Galton publishes Inquiries in Human Faculty, developing the theme of eugenics and coining the term | |
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